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The harvest doesn't mark the end of a grower's year – it's time to prepare the soil for the next season and fertilize it properly...
In autumn, after the first frosts arrive and even the last annual plants disappear from the beds, it's time to start thinking about the next season. For growers, the year doesn't end with harvest - important work still lies ahead.
To ensure the best possible harvest next year, you must start preparing the soil and fertilizing in autumn.
Soil After Harvest - What to Do With It?
After harvest, remove all plant residues and fruit remains from the beds. Plants and fruit remains not affected by diseases and pests can be placed in the compost. Place "infected" garden waste in designated containers.
On empty beds, you can sow seeds of plants considered green manure (mustard, alfalfa, rapeseed). After germination, let the plants create sufficient green mass (leaves and stems) that will form the fertilizer.
Don't fertilize beds with farmyard manure where you plan to grow root vegetables and so-called second-track crops in the following season.
Mow sufficiently large plants or dig them directly into the soil. Deep digging in autumn is also necessary for beds where no green manure is present. When digging, you can work manure into the soil.
Cow or horse manure is most commonly used. Horse manure provides more heat, contains horn meal and is particularly suitable for heavier soils and hotbeds. Cow manure decomposes more slowly.
If you fertilize beds with manure, don't use lime anymore, as it would destroy the nitrogen. Dug beds don't need any special treatment in autumn - frost will take care of breaking up the clods over winter.
In spring, simply loosen the prepared beds lightly and you can start planting.
If you don't have access to fresh farmyard manure, you can also use granulated fertilizer available in our e-shop. Products from renowned manufacturers are just as high quality as traditional manure, plus working with granules is much simpler and more pleasant.
Phosphorus and Potassium Are Essential in Autumn
In autumn, it's advisable to work additional nutrients into the soil - potassium and phosphorus are considered essential. These basic nutrients are bound in the soil and gradually released. You can easily add phosphorus to the soil using superphosphate in granulated form or also fertilizers containing guano, which is a natural source of phosphorus.
You can get rid of weed residues and disease and pest spores using nitrogen lime, which thoroughly disinfects the soil.
To enrich the soil with potassium, potassium salt or potassium sulphate is used. Fertiliser "experts" might want to save themselves work and use classic NPK fertiliser, which contains both potassium and phosphorus, but this is not the best solution.
NPK fertiliser also contains nitrogen, which leaches from the soil very quickly, so it won't remain there until spring anyway, and in larger doses it can negatively affect the quality of groundwater. In autumn, you can use at most a special type of NPK fertiliser with reduced nitrogen content.
When to lime?
Calcium is another very important substance for many plants, so it's advisable to add it to the soil from time to time. You shouldn't overdo it with calcium. An indicative test can be performed, for example, using vinegar.
If a dried soil sample fizzes at least a little after dripping vinegar on it, liming is not necessary yet. If you're not sure about the result of the indicative test, you can determine the soil pH with a special soil test.
If you find that the soil really contains little calcium, use finely ground limestone, preferably dolomitic with magnesium content. An alternative is quicklime.
What fertilisers to use in autumn?
Not only beds need to be "properly" fertilised in autumn. Fruit trees and shrubs should also receive their dose of nutrients and minerals before winter. The main substances that fruit trees and shrubs should receive in autumn are, as with soil in beds, phosphorus, potassium and additionally magnesium and calcium.
Fertilising with fertilisers containing these elements is more effective in autumn than in spring. With spring fertilisation, the nutrients might not be transported in time to the deeper layers of soil. Phosphorus is supplied to fruit trees and shrubs using superphosphate.
Calcium is supplied using dolomitic limestone and potassium is best available in the form of potassium salt.
Lawn and autumn fertilising
The lawn needs fertilising in autumn too, so it can survive winter without damage and turn beautifully green again next year. In autumn, the lawn won't be satisfied with the usual lawn fertiliser containing high doses of nitrogen - that was suitable to use during the season when the lawn needed strengthening for good growth.
In autumn, on the contrary, it's necessary to strengthen the grass roots with potassium. Potassium helps the lawn survive the demanding winter period better. A lawn fertilised with fertiliser high in potassium is more resistant to frost and drought, doesn't freeze, and doesn't suffer as much from fungal diseases such as snow mould.
A properly fertilised lawn will enter the growth phase very quickly in spring.
Written by LenkaZ